The New United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement

April 13, 2021

A new addition to the USMCA is the inclusion of Chapter 33, which covers macroeconomic policies and exchange rate issues. This is considered important because it could set a precedent for future trade agreements. [54] Chapter 33 sets out requirements for currency and macroeconomic transparency that, in the event of a breach, would be grounds for litigation under Chapter 20. [54] The United States, Canada and Mexico currently meet all of these transparency requirements in addition to substantive policy requirements that comply with the international Monetary Fund`s articles. [55] The Trump administration`s office proposed the USMCA citing new digital trade measures, strengthening the protection of trade secrets and adapting the rules of origin of the automobile among the benefits of the trade agreement. [112] For the first time, a trade agreement will require the FDA to be an important member of the U.S. team that negotiated the U.S.-Mexico-Canada (USMCA) agreement, which came into effect on July 1 of this year. From the FDA`s perspective, the agreement adapts regulatory standards to public administration practices, improves the quality of products available to U.S. consumers and a level playing field for U.S. companies. The U.S.-Mexico-Mexico Agreement (USMCA) is a trade agreement between these parties. The USMCA replaced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

NAFTA has three primary dispute resolution mechanisms. Chapter 20 is the settlement mechanism for countries. It is often considered the least controversial of the three mechanisms, and has been maintained in its original form from NAFTA to the USMCA. In such cases, complaints filed by USMCA Member States against the duration of the contract would be violated. [48] In Chapter 19, the justifications for anti-dumping or countervailing duties are managed. Without Chapter 19, the avenue of recourse for the management of these policies would be through the national legal system. Chapter 19 provides that an USMCA body hears the case and acts as an international commercial tribunal to arbitrate the dispute. [48] The Trump administration has attempted to remove Chapter 19 of the new USMCA text, which until now existed in the agreement. The agreement is designated differently by each signatory – in the United States, it is called the U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA); [1] [23] in Canada, it is officially known as the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) in English[24] and the Canada-U.S.-Mexico Agreement (ACEUM) in French; [25] and in Mexico, tratado is called tratado between México, Estados Unidos y Canadé (T-MEC). [26] [27] The agreement is sometimes referred to as “New NAFTA”[28][29] with respect to the previous trilateral agreement for the successor, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).

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